Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

Ext arrested- eye socket Electric fomiteAbstractThe main objective of this research is to pack the range of an electrical vehicleto foil a required remoteness with minimum usage of muscularity at least price. This isd genius by coupling an internal electrocution locomotive to a generator which go forth devolve onthe batteries, when the charge level of the batteries comes down. across-the-board Range Electric vehicle1 BackgroundExtended-range electric vehicles (EREV) Extended-range electric vehicles (EREV) argonthe type of vehicles which persist on electricity and a generator which is world power by all petrol or diesel. The generator is not use to run the vehicle whereas it helps in chargingthe onslaught when charge goes less than 30%. The term prolonged range is used to indicatethat range of vehicle travel stinker be increased and this do-nothing be accomplished by employ theabove method. 9The normal electric vehicles are the ones which run only on the battery and when thecharge depletes, we command to _nd a charging point and compulsion to grasp until it gets fullycharged before continuing the travel. This type of vehicle is much than suitable for short keep travel as this kindly of vehicle leave behind be having lesser range, when compared to othervehicles which runs on fuel.The other kind of vehicles that are more recently being used is Hybrid vehicle. This ispowered by combination of petrol or diesel locomotive locomotive railway locomotive and a battery 10. The propulsionsystem go out usually be of more than one type. When charge runs out of the battery theinternal burn engine activates to work to power the vehicle and vice versa.2 Literature retread2.1 IntroductionThe Extended Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV) is a uncomparable kind of vehicle, where batteryand internal combustion engine required for propulsion are sized in a way such that theengine will not be required for the vehicle operation when in that observe i s enough charge in thebattery. on that point is no need to start the engine for any power or promote requirement. Theonly meter the engine is used is to charge the battery when the charge depletes and becomes incapable of parkway any further. 1Electric motors are more e_cient when compared to internal combustion engine withvery high power-to-weight ratios which provides required torque when driving over awide speed range. On the other hand internal combustion engines are e_cient when itoperates at a constant speed. The working of internal combustion engine is more complicated when compared to electric motor 8. The main service of using E-REV is thefuel consumption is saved as very inadequate fuel is used to charge the battery. The bene_tis to both the people and society as running cost is reduced and on the other and thepollution from the vehicle is minimized.The main problem with the fuel powered vehicles is the energy consumption is high. aptitude production worldwide is gr owing annually by 2% as the demand is increasing dueto population growth and industrial activities.In this situation Electric Vehicles provide a very good room of transportation. And stillwe dont prefer electric vehicles because of their poor range, even the best electric iceboatshaving a range of only 40km in real world conditions. This is one of the main disadvantages of electric vehicles/ icebreakers. In the present year due to depletion of fogey fuels,electric vehicle provide a clean direction of transportation. Since, these vehicles person utilizeselectricity for the transportation purpose, need of fossil fuel derivatives like accelerator pedal anddiesel are quashed. 3But battery operated vehicles (electric vehicles) have an uncertainty with respect to the length travelled for a abandoned charge level (range). In most of the cases the charge maynot be su_cient to cover the desired distance which will fail the objective.The main objective of EREV is to achieve bigger d istance with minimum usage of energyat least cost by taking electric scooter as a source. The resolve will go like this- Couplingan Internal Combustion (IC) locomotive to a generator (mobile type) which will charge thebatteries, when the charge level of the batteries comes down. So while travelling, if thecharge level comes down, IC engine will be turned ON and generator will charge thebatteries until _nding a peg away in source. 7In this IC engine is coupled with a immutable Magnet Direct new (PMDC) motor(which acts as a generator) and the on the whole set is mounted on the foot batting order of the electricscooter. Connections are made betwixt the generator and batteries through with(predicate) a charging duty tour (to avoid load uctuation).In this _rst IC engine (Petrol/Kerosene run, 3000 rpm, and 1.1 kW) is mounted on thefoot board of an electric scooter. It earth-closet withal be fictitious and placed under the seat, ifthe engine is small and portableThen Flywheel o f IC engine is connected to a PMDC go (60V, 5 amps 3000 RPM),the power true at the ywheel was coupled to the PMDC labour through the VBelt arrive and a rated power siding of 300 W (60V x 5A).The connections were given to the batteries through a charging circuit which helps indeveloping the required stream levels. Here 4 x 12V series connected batteries need tobe charged which requires 1.2 x 48 which is equal to 57.6V and hence 60V PMDC Motoris used. And this is because of emf drop on application of load.2.2 ScopeImproved e_ciency(RANGE)Increased energy securityDecreased EmissionsReduced travel costsEngine can be detached for shorter distancePetroleum used is less2.3 both(prenominal) of the challenges areCharging time is more 2Measuring fuel economy is di_cultneed of extra space in the vehicleLimited weight carrying mightNeeds more space for the engineInitial high investingContents FeaturesRange 40-50 KmsTop speede 40Km/hrCharging Time 4-6 hoursBrakes 4 meter braking distanc eMotor type Permanent magnet coinciding motorMotor driving power 500WBattery Sealed evanesce acid, 12V 17Ah in series2.4 Components Of Extended Range Electric VehicleFig-2.1 Components of E-REVThere are two operation elans the pure electric vehicle (EV) mode and the range comported electric vehicle mode. For daily short-distance travel, the vehicle operates in purebattery EV mode without the range extender. At weekend, you can assemble the rangeextender on the EV for a long distance travel.The generator set is controlled with constant speed and its output is constant electromotive forceand frequency, such as 220V, 50Hz. The output of the generator set is connected to the port wine of the charger. Unlike a conventional generator set, this generator set providesrated output by controlling the output current of the charger. This ensures that the generator set works at the highest e_cient point and has a low emission. The battery canalso be charged by the charger with a household dismissal or fast charged at charging station. fortune of EV mode driving determined by total distance driven beyond vehicles all electric range 35 miles of each segment would be driven in EV mode ifAll charging events end with a full batteryVehicles EV mode range is exactly 35 milesOf course EV mode operation varies based on charging duration, power level, batterystate of charge at beginning of charge, driving style, conditions, etc.62.5 blank between charging events v/s Percentage of vehiclesIt is very important to bill that about 32% of Electric vehicles o_er a range or distancecovered per charge of about 40-45 kms.To cover any distance beyond the normal range, the Electric vehicle has to be chargedonce once again using a Plug-In source which is the main drawback of the electric vehicle whichis need to be recti_ed.2.6 Ending State Of Charge (SOC) v/s Percentage of charging unitsFrom the below graph it is inferred that about 90% of the recharging event happens at photographic plate location, meaning that if the range of Electric vehicle is about 40km, then they endup in home before completing 40km to recharge.This is one of the biggest disadvantages which immobilise the use of Electric Scooter.62.7 Charging Circuit Speci_cations12V Battery Maximum voltage for charging is 14.5 VoltsCharging Current Maximum charging current should not exceed 10% of maximum A/Hcapacity of Battery.Example For 100AH Battery10% = 100/10= 10A.In the experiment 12V / 17AH battery is used.Maximum Charging Current I = 17/10 = 1.7 A.Minimum Charging Voltage V = 2.35 V /Cell x 6= 14.10 VThis means for four batteries,= 14.10 x 4= 56 V2.8 OutcomeFirst, the cost required to travel 80 kms in a gasoline scooter is calculated for whichcost comes around AUD 6. adjacent Conventional Electric scooter for which the experiment is conducted tookabout AUD 1 (Cost of Current) to cover the same distance.The main disadvantage is to _nd the cud-in source after the use of _rst chargewhich is about 40kms. Then covering 80kms in a single charge is not possible.Then Extended Range Electric Scooter is used and the cost came around AUD 2to travel the same distance.Here it runs as an electric scooter for _rst 40km and once the charge is empty, thenthe IC Engine-PMDC Motor setup is switched on mechanically to travel the next40km.2.9 Features of the electric scooterPower Consumption One Unit (for complete charge).Safe speed and easy to drive.Low maintenance cost.2 seater vehicle (The vehicle is knowing to carry a maximum payload of 130 kgs.)For shorter distance engine can be removed and can run only on electricity.3 MethodologyFig-3.1 Electric scooter with Range Extender shout 1 Mounting an IC engine (Petrol/Kerosene run, 3000 rpm, and 1.1kW) on thefoot board of an electric scooter.STEP 2 Flywheel of IC engine is connected to a PMDC Motor.STEP 3 The power developed at the ywheel was coupled to the PMDC Motor throughthe V Belt drive.STEP 4 The connections were given to the batteries through a charging circuit whichhelps in developing the required current levels.STEP 5 When the charge indicator shows charge is less, IC engine will be turned ONmechanically.STEP 6 PMDC Motor will produce electricity to maintain the battery level until _nd-ing a plug in source.STEP 7 The power developed from the engine generates electricity through the PMDCmotor and charges the batteries through the Charging Circuit. The charging circuitcharges the batteries at the rate of 3 A.STEP 8 The Scooter will be tested for the change range.4 Conclusion and SummaryBased on the tests carried out to extend the range of the electric scooter as explained inthe previous chapter and inside the scope of this investigation the following conclusionshave been drawn.1. Initially the Electric scooter runs on Battery charge completely and when the chargeis low, the IC engine runs the scooter by charging the batteries simultaneously.2. The range of electric scooter is e_ectively increased by using IC En gine PMDCsetup through the charging circuit.3. The range of Extended Range Electric Vehicle(E-REV) is comparatively more thanthe conventional Electric vehicles.4. On conducting tests with varying some of the parameter following observations ismadeWhen input current(amps) to the charging circuit increases, the time taken tocharge the batteries decreases.5. On the basis of comparison between the results obtained of Extended Range Electric Vehicle(E-REV) and conventional Electric Scooter it is consume that the distancecovered per charge is comparatively more for E-REV.References1 Extended-range electric vehicles (E-REV)https//www.goultralow.com/more-about-electric-cars/types-of-vehicles/range-extended/2 Beginners study to electric cars The Charging Pointhttp//www.thechargingpoint.com/beginners-guide.html/3 Techsplanations Extended-Range Electric Vehicleshttp//www.autoblog.com/2013/12/20/extended-range-electric-vehicles/4 Low-noise range extender dispels battery runtime angsthttp//ww w.rheinmetall-automotive.com/en/products/range-extender/5 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)http//www.ieahev.org/about-the-technologies/plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles/6 Research gatehttp//www.researchgate.net/_gure/279853330-_g5-Figure-5-Distribution-of-distance-driven-per-vehicle-day-on-days-when-the-vehicle-was7 Hybrids explained Mild v Full v Plug-in v Extended Range Electric Vehiclehttp//www.caradvice.com.au/279850/hybrids-explained-mild-v-full-v-plug-in-v-extended-range-electric-vehicle/8 Electric Cars De_ning Battery-Electrics, Plug-In Hybrids, Range-Extendedhttp//www.greencarreports.com/news/1098066-electric-cars-de_ning-battery-electrics-plug-in-hybrids-range-extended-more/9 Extended Range Electric Cars (E-REV) Doing away with Range Anxietyhttp//www.thegreenage.co.uk/extended-range-electric-cars-doing-away-with-range-anxiety/10 Electric vehicle range https//www.ergon.com.au/network/smarter-energy/electric-vehicles/electric-vehicle-range/