Anorectal Examination

ANORECTAL EXAMINATION SUBMITTED BY: PRATEEK BAGI CONTENTS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The gastrointestinal nerve pathway terminates in a short segment, the anal retentive retentive render. Its remote coast is poorly demarcated, but generally the verbalize of the anal transmission channel can be grand from the surrounding perianal skin by its moist, hairless appearance. The anal groove is normally held in a closed spatial relation by action of the volunteer outer muscular sphincter muscle and the involuntary sexual sphincter, the latter(prenominal) an extension of the muscular coat of the rectal wall. The direction of the anal canal on a canal roughly surrounded by anus and umbilicus should be c arfully noted. Unlike the rectum above it, the canal is liberally supplied by material sensory nerves, so that a poorly directed experience or instrument depart produce pain. The rectum begins at the termi nation of the sigmoid colon about 12 cm from the anal verge .Two muscleman bundles, cognize as the internal and remote anal sphincters, participate in defecation. The internal anal sphincter is an enlargement of the circular suave muscle of the colon and functions involuntarily. The external anal sphincter consists of striated muscle bands under the voluntary find of the puborectalis muscle.

The rectum has the same innervation as the bladder; the hypogastric nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter, and the internal pudendal nerve (S3S4) operates the external anal sphincter. Because of the common innervation, dysuria is a common complaint associated with recta! l dis molds. Diagramatic representation of anorectal junction An primal landmark two anatomically and clinically is the pectinate line where the anus and rectum merge, approximately 3 to 4 cm from the skin. It serves as a demarcation for venous and lymphatic expireage and for the nerve supply. above the pectinate line, the veins drain into the portal and caval systems, sympathetic nerves are present (pain is absent),...If you motivation to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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